Descriptive Spirituality and Prescriptive Religion
Public discourse often treats spirituality and religion as interchangeable. Yet they operate on fundamentally different principles and serve distinct human needs. Understanding this distinction—particularly through the lens of descriptive spiritual traditions and prescriptive religious systems—clarifies why one emphasizes inner transformation while the other prioritizes collective order. Sanātana Dharma may be understood as a descriptive spiritual framework rather than a religion in the conventional sense. It does not begin with a fixed creed, a singular founder, or a closed canon of unquestionable truths. Instead, it articulates enduring human values—truthfulness, compassion, non-violence, integrity—as patterns observed in lived human experience. These values are not issued as absolute commands but presented as guiding principles, open to debate, reinterpretation, and contextual adaptation. The tradition assumes moral agency and intellectual humility: that human understanding i...